EASTERN EUROPE. Danube Region. Uncertain Celtic Tribe. Ca. 3rd-2nd centuries BC. AR tetradrachm (25mm, 12.52 gm, 11h). NGC Choice XF S 4/5 - 5/5. Imitating Philip II of Macedon. Zweigarm type. Bearded head of Zeus right / Youth on horseback left, branch upward in left hand, reins in right; horse raising right foreleg. Lanz 589. OTA 296. CCCBM I 28. Luxurious, velveteen surfaces with bold designs amplified by lighter peach hues. Ex Classical Numismatic Group, Electronic Auction 417 (28 March 2018), lot 310. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CAMPANIA. Neapolis. Ca. 350-325 BC. AR didrachm (21mm, 7.30 gm, 7h). NGC XF 4/5 - 3/5, Fine Style, die shift. Head of nymph right, wearing broad headband, pendant earring and necklace; E behind / NEOΠΟΛITHΣ, man-headed bull walking right; E below, Nike flying right above to crown the bull. HN Italy 565. Ex JMG Collection (Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XVII, 7 January 2014), lot 2; Classical Numismatic Group, Triton III (30 November 1999), lot 28. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 332-302 BC. AR stater or didrachm (20mm, 7.93 gm, 5h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Sa- and Con-, magistrates. Nude horseman crowning himself on horse walking right; ΣA above Ionic capital below horse / ΤΑΡΑΣ, Taras astride dolphin left, whip and serpent in outstretched right hand; KON below. HN Italy 942 (KO below). Vlasto 954-8. Stunningly clear devices and strong radiant flow lines. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 325-281 BC. AR stater or didrachm (22mm, 7.79 gm, 1h). NGC Choice VF 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Sa-, Her- and Hr, magistrates. Warrior on horseback rearing right, shield and two spears in left hand, preparing to cast a third in right; ΣA below / ΤΑΡΑΣ, Taras astride dolphin right, bow and arrows outward in left hand, spear forward in right; ͰHP and HP monograms below. HN Italy 938. Vlasto 626-633. Soft gradient toning haloes attractive designs struck with artistic Fine Style dies. Ex iNumis, Mail Bid Sale 29 (2 June 2015), lot 3; iNumis, Mail Bid Sale 25 (3 June 2014), lot 1. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-281 BC. AR didrachm (22mm, 7.88 gm, 4h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Philiarchus, Sa- and Aga-, magistrates. Youth seated on horse standing right, crowning horse; ΣA behind, ΦIΛI/APXOΣ below / TAPAΣ, Taras astride dolphin left, grape bunch in right hand; AΓA below. HN Italy 960. Vlasto 673. Subtle twirling luster peeks through windows on the otherwise matte surfaces. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-280 BC. AR didrachm (20mm, 7.72 gm, 9h). NGC Choice AU 4/5 - 5/5, Fine Style. Nikon and Ey-, magistrates. Nude warrior dismounting from horse charging left, round shield and spear in left hand; EY in upper right field, NIKON below / TAPAΣ, Taras on dolphin left, grain ear in outstretched right hand, left hand on dolphin; API in left field, horizontal spearhead right in lower right field. HN Italy 969. Vlasto 701-703. Pearlescent surfaces flash with arctic light. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-280 BC. AR didrachm (21mm, 7.87 gm, 6h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 4/5. Dakimos, magistrate. Warrior on horseback right, thrusting spear downward with right hand, holding two spears and shield in his left hand; ΣI behind, ΔAKIMOΣ below / Taras riding dolphin left, holding dolphin in right hand, cradling cornucopia in left arm; ΔA below, TAPAΣ behind. Vlasto 696 corr. (ΔA not WA). HN Italy 967. SNG France -. SNG ANS 1071 corr. (same obv. die; ΔA not WA). SNG Copenhagen -. The ANS catalogue repeats the mistake from Vlasto (whose coin was unique at the time); the correct letters were noted by G. Procopio who examined two or three examples of this type (nos. 497-499) in his article on the Bernalda hoard in 1957. Wonderfully sharp devices accented in amber with bold dimensionality and a deep patina. Ex Sheikh Saud bin Mohammed al-Thani Collection; Roma Numismatics, Auction II (2 October 2011), lot 8. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-280 BC. AR didrachm (23mm, 7.91 gm, 10h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 3/5, Fine Style. Arethon, Sy- and Kas, magistrates. Nude youth on horseback right, crowning horse with right hand, reins in left; ΣΑ in upper left field, ΑΡΕ/ΘΟΝ below horse / ΤAPAΣ, Taras astride dolphin left, tripod in outstretched right hand; CAΣ below. HN Italy 957. Vlasto 666. Flashing surfaces burst with brilliant wintry light. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-280 BC. AR didrachm (20mm, 7.84 gm, 5h). NGC Choice AU 4/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Nikon, and Ey-, magistrates. Nude warrior dismounting from horse charging left, round shield and spear in left hand; EY in upper right field, NIKON below / TAPAΣ, Taras on dolphin left, grain ear in outstretched right hand, left hand on dolphin; API in left field, horizontal spearhead in lower right field. HN Italy 969. Vlasto 701-703. Wonderfully dimensional, struck from fresh Fine Style dies. Taras, a figure of Greek mythology and the eponymous founder of Tarentum in Calabria, played a pivotal role in the art and culture of the region. Taras was believed to be the son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, and a local nymph named Satyrion. According to mythology, Taras was saved by his father Poseidon when he was thrown into the sea by his mother, who feared his divine nature. He was carried to the shores of southern Italy, where he founded the city of Tarentum. Depicted as a youthful and handsome figure riding a dolphin, Taras symbolized the city's maritime significance and its unique blend of Greek and local influences. His imagery, prevalent in coinage, sculptures, and other artistic representations, served as a source of civic pride and a testament to Tarentum's rich heritage. Taras' influence extended beyond Calabria. The city of Tarentum itself became known for its wealth and cultural achievements, including its distinctive red-figure pottery. The figure of Taras and his association with the sea continued to be influential in the art and culture of the region for centuries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CALABRIA. Tarentum. Ca. 302-280 BC. AR didrachm (22mm, 7.88 gm, 12h). NGC Choice XF S 5/5 - 5/5. Arethon, Sa-, and Cas-, magistrates. Youth on horseback right, nude, crowning horse; ΣA to left, APE-ΘΩN below / TAPAΣ, Taras astride dolphin left, tripod in outstretched right hand; CAΣ below. HN Italy 957 corr. (AΣ on reverse). Vlasto 666. HGC I 813. Fiery toning haloes around the figures. Ex North River Collection (Classical Numismatic Group, Auction 121, 6 October 2022), lot 27; Barry Murphy inventory no. 17057; Classical Numismatic Group, Auction 43 (24 September 1997), lot 52; Classical Numismatic Group, Auction 42 (29 May 1997), lot 28. Taras, the eponymous hero of Tarentum (modern-day Tarento, Italy), was the son of Poseidon, god of the sea, and the nymph Cornus. As an infant, he was abducted by a giant eagle but was dropped into the sea and was miraculously rescued by a dolphin sent by his father, Poseidon. The dolphin guided Taras to the shore, where he was found and raised by the local people. In gratitude, they named their city after him. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

LUCANIA. Metapontum. Ca. 340-330 BC. AR stater (19mm, 7.74 gm, 11h). NGC AU 4/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Head of Leucippus right, wearing Corinthian helmet pushed back on head; AMI behind / META, grain ear of barley with leaf to right; vertical thunderbolt above leaf. HN Italy 1553. Elegant and sharp features backlit by glistening fields. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

LUCANIA. Metapontum. Ca. 330-280 BC. AR stater (21mm, 7.88 gm, 3h). NGC Choice XF S 5/5 - 5/5. Atha-, magistrate. Head of Demeter left, wearing barley wreath, pendant earring, and necklace / META, grain ear with leaf to left; tongs above leaf, AΘA below. HN Italy 1583. HGC I 1063. Lovely portrait struck on bright fields and steel toned flan. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

LUCANIA. Velia. Ca. 340-300 BC. AR didrachm (23mm, 7.49 gm, 3h). NGC VF 5/5 - 4/5. Philistion group. Head of Athena left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with griffin; • within P behind / Lion advancing right on ground line; Φ in field above, YEΛHTΩN in exergue. HN Italy 1284. Deeply toned, flashing surfaces with attractive depictions. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

BRUTTIUM. Croton. Ca. 500-480 BC. AR stater (25mm, 7.83 gm, 12h). NGC Choice XF 4/5 - 4/5. ϘPO (retrograde), tripod with leonine feet on thick dotted exergual line; crab left in left field, seen from above, large dotted border / ϘPO (retrograde), incuse tripod, chelys (lyre); ethnic and chelys in relief, striated border within incuse band. HN Italy 2087-2088. HGC I 1446. Incredible deep obsidian toning throughout. Famous for its athletic competitions, Croton was the home of one of the four Panhellenic Games, called the Pythian Games (the other three were Olympic, Isthmian, and the Nemean Games). Their pride of their athletes and competition can be seen on their coinage with the tripod taking center stage, as it was one of the most prestigious prizes awarded to victors. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICILY. Gela. Ca. 440-430 BC. AR tetradrachm (27mm, 16.38 gm, 4h). NGC VF 4/5 - 2/5, Fine Style. CEΛOION (retrograde), charioteer driving slow quadriga right; Nike flying right and crowning horses / ΣOΣIΠOΛIΣ (retrograde), forepart of man-headed bull right facing Sosipolis standing left and crowning bull with wreath in outstretched right hand. SNG ANS 70. Lovely designs on gleaming argent surfaces with deep charcoal patina. Ex Harlan J. Berk, private sale with old dealer's tag included. Gela was located on the southern coast of Sicily and took its name from the nearby River Gelas, whose river god appears (as a rather benevolent-looking man-faced bull) on the city's coinage from the early fifth century BC. It was founded in 688 BC by Dorian Greeks from islands of Crete and Rhodes, and by the mid sixth century BC had grown so populous that it sent out colonists to found the city of Acragas. From about 498 BC, Gela was run by a succession of strong men or "tyrants" (the word did not have the same negative connotation as it has today), including Gelon I, who also seized control of Syracuse in 485 BC and established the Deinomenid Tyranny. For several decades, the same family ruled both cities until the tyrants were ejected circa 466 BC and the citizens established independent democracies. Like Acragas, Gela was besieged and sacked by the Carthaginians in 405 BC and never quite recovered its former prominence. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICILY. Syracuse. Agathocles (317-289 BC). AE litra (24mm, 11.22 gm, 5h). NGC Choice XF S 5/5 - 4/5. ΣΩΤΕΙΡΑ, draped bust of Artemis Soteira right, wearing pendant earring and beaded necklace, with wavy hair pulled back into bun at back of head, quiver over left shoulder / ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΟΣ / ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ, winged thunderbolt. HGC 2, 1461. Beautiful dark umber toned flan with blushes of sheen throughout. Agathocles was a military strongman who ruled Syracuse as a brutal tyrant with many purges and assassinations. Born the son of a simple potter in 361 BC, he joined the army and rose through the ranks to become a strategos or general. Ambitious, audacious, and unscrupulous, he was banished for attempting to overthrow the democratic government of Syracuse, but returned in 317 BC leading an army of mercenaries, he seized the city, and banished or murdered all of his opponents. War with Carthage followed; with Syracuse under siege, he staged a daring attack on the African hinterlands of Carthage that turned the tide of war in his favor. Though ultimately defeated in Africa, Agathocles returned to Sicily strengthened and concluded a treaty with Carthage on favorable terms. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICILY. Syracuse. Hieron II (ca. 275-215 BC). AE hemilitron (27mm, 5h). NGC Choice XF S, Fine Style. Ca. 240-215 BC. Diademed head of Hieron II left; dotted border / IEPΩNOΣ, warrior on horseback rearing right, couched spear in right hand; AP monogram below. HGC 2, 1548. A striking example doubly worth the Star and Fine Style designations that it has received. Ex Heritage Auctions, Auction 232133 (18 August 2021), lot 63006. Hieron II served as a military commander for Syracuse, and in 208 BC, he joined forces with the renowned Greek king Pyrrhus during Pyrrhus' ambitious expedition to the Western Mediterranean. Following Pyrrhus' departure from Syracuse in 275 BC, Hieron decided to remain in the city as its garrison commander. Hieron's political acumen and strategic alliances were crucial to his ascent to power. He strategically married Philistis, the daughter of a prominent Syracusan noble, which solidified his standing among the city's elite. A pivotal moment in his early years as commander was his decisive victory against the Mamertines in 270 BC. This victory garnered him the gratitude and support of the people of Syracuse, leading to his proclamation as King. Hieron II proceeded to rule Syracuse for an impressive 55 years, characterized by his strength, intelligence, and commitment to justice. Hieron II's reign left a lasting legacy in the annals of ancient history, marked by his ability to navigate the intricate political landscape of Syracuse and his enduring influence on the city's history and coinage. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICILY. Syracuse. Hieron II (ca. 275-215 BC). AE litra (22mm, 12h). NGC Choice XF, Fine Style. Head of Poseidon left, wearing taenia / ΙΕΡΩ-ΝΟΣ / Φ, trident head, dolphin swimming downward on either side. HGC 2, 1550. Phenomenal Fine Style example of this type with much care gone into the details of the dies and strike. Ex Heritage Auctions, Auction 232209 (2 March 2022), lot 61012. Hieron II served as a military commander for Syracuse, and in 208 BC, he joined forces with the renowned Greek king Pyrrhus during Pyrrhus' ambitious expedition to the Western Mediterranean. Following Pyrrhus' departure from Syracuse in 275 BC, Hieron decided to remain in the city as its garrison commander. Hieron's political acumen and strategic alliances were crucial to his ascent to power. He strategically married Philistis, the daughter of a prominent Syracusan noble, which solidified his standing among the city's elite. A pivotal moment in his early years as commander was his decisive victory against the Mamertines in 270 BC. This victory garnered him the gratitude and support of the people of Syracuse, leading to his proclamation as King. Hieron II proceeded to rule Syracuse for an impressive 55 years, characterized by his strength, intelligence, and commitment to justice. Hieron II's reign left a lasting legacy in the annals of ancient history, marked by his ability to navigate the intricate political landscape of Syracuse and his enduring influence on the city's history and coinage. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICILY. Syracuse. Fifth Republic (Democracy). 214-212 BC. AR 12-litrai (25mm, 10.20 gm, 10h). NGC Choice AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Head of Athena left, wearing crested Athenian helmet / ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ, Artemis standing left, drawing bow, hound leaping left behind at feet, ΞA before. McClean 2957 (same dies). SNG ANS 1040. HGC 2, 1412. Refined and sharp devices with lovely jade and amber toning accentuating the high points. When Hieron II died in 215 BC, he left his kingdom to his fifteen-year-old grandson, Hieronymus. Hieron designed a council of fifteen guardians to supervise Hieronymus and act as his regents, providing guidance until he was of age. One of the counselors, Adranodorus, was the son-in-law of Hieron and wanted to rule himself. He schemed to have the other guardians dismissed and became the chief counselor to Hieronymus. After the Roman defeat at Cannae, he convinced the young king to change Syracuse's allegiance from Rome to Carthage, bringing Syracuse in direct conflict with Rome. In 214 BC, Marcus Claudius Marcellus began besieging the city, during which Hieronymus was assassinated after a reign of only thirteen months. A republican government known as the Fifth Democracy was restored, but the city didn't change its Carthaginian allegiance. A protracted siege of two years ensued, with the Romans finally defeating the mechanical defenses of the great Archimedes in 212 BC. Despite the turmoil and chaos, the Syracuse mint produced incredible works of art, the dies engraved by masterful artists. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

SICULO-PUNIC. Sicily. Ca. 300-289 BC. AR tetradrachm (26mm, 17.32 gm, 6h). NGC XF S 5/5 - 5/5. Quaestors issue. Head of young Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / 'MHSBM (Punic), head and neck of horse left; palm tree behind; caduceus in left field. HGC 2, 295. Magnificent glowing coin with breathtaking style and toning. The Punic Wars, fought from 264 BC to 146 BC, were a series of three major conflicts between Rome and Carthage. Carthage, a North African maritime powerhouse, challenged Greek cities for control of the western Mediterranean. By the early third century BC, much of Sicily was under Carthaginian control. As Carthage expanded its control over Sicily, it established mints on the island to produce coins for its largely mercenary army, this expansion influenced the iconography of the coins blending Carthaginian and Sicilian themes together. The wars produced immense death and destruction and included the famous Second Punic War with Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. Rome ultimately emerged victorious, leading to the complete destruction of Carthage and Rome's transformation into a dominant Mediterranean power. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Philip II (359-336 BC). AR tetradrachm (24mm, 14.44 gm, 10h). NGC MS S 5/5 - 4/5. Posthumous issue of Amphipolis III, ca. 323/2-316/5 BC. Laureate head of Zeus right / ΦΙΛΙΠ-ΠΟΥ, nude youth astride prancing horse right, palm branch in right hand, reins in left; wreath below horse, Π with pellet below raised foreleg. SNG ANS 747-748. Le Rider pl. 46, 14. Absolutely brilliant and fantastically bold surfaces struck in high relief. Ex Heritage Auctions, Sale 3067 (6 September 2018), lot 30039. Philip II of Macedon, who ruled from 359 to 336 BC, was a transformative figure in ancient Macedonian history. Ascending to the throne in a fractured and vulnerable Macedonia, he initiated crucial military reforms that turned the Macedonian army into a formidable force, introducing innovations like the sarissa and fostering discipline and training. He also Through a combination of diplomacy and military campaigns, he expanded Macedonia's territorial reach, unifying disparate regions under his rule. His crowning diplomatic achievement was the formation of the League of Corinth in 337 BC, a coalition of Greek city-states that backed his planned invasion of the Persian Empire. Unfortunately, his reign was cut short when he was assassinated in 336 BC during a celebration. Nevertheless, his legacy endured as his military innovations and diplomatic successes provided the foundation for his son, Alexander the Great, to embark on a remarkable era of conquest and empire-building. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (28mm, 17.20 gm, 5h). NGC MS 5/5 - 3/5, Fine Style. Late lifetime-early posthumous issue of Pella, under the Regent Antipater or his son Cassander, ca. 325-315 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus seated left on backless throne, right leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; vertical thunderbolt in left field. Price 232. Incredible idealized imagery embodied in this coin. Bright lustrous surfaces with light toning throughout. Alexander the Great, born in 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia, was one of the most renowned military leaders and conquerors in history. He ascended to the throne after the assassination of his father, Philip II, in 336 BC, and he embarked on an ambitious campaign of expansion. His conquests included the Persian Empire, Egypt, and large parts of Asia, reaching as far as the Indus River in India. Alexander's military genius, charismatic leadership, and ability to inspire loyalty among his troops were instrumental in his success. His kingdom brought about significant cultural and political change, spreading Greek culture throughout the known world. He died in 323 BC at the age of 32, under mysterious circumstances in Babylon, marking the end of his extraordinary reign. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (27mm, 17.20 gm, 8h). NGC AU S 5/5 - 5/5, Fine Style. Late lifetime-early posthumous issue of Babylon, ca. 325-323 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, left leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in right hand, scepter in left; sickle left above M in left field, monogram in the form of a trident head below strut. Price 3624. Solidly struck from artistic, high-relief dies on a fresh flan, with light toning and areas of luster. A breathtaking example in hand. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (25mm, 17.21 gm, 1h). NGC AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Early posthumous issue of Amphipolis, ca. 323-320 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / BAΣ-IΛEΩΣ-AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, left leg drawn back, feet on ground line, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; ΠΑΓΘ monogram in left field. Price 121. Glittering surfaces with waves of light flashing beneath the crisp details. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (27mm, 17.20 gm, 7h). NGC Choice XF 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Early posthumous issue of Babylon, ca. 323-317 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY-BAΣIΛEΩΣ, Zeus enthroned left, right leg drawn back, feet on ground line, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; M in left field, ΛY above strut. Price 3692. Stunning high relief example with wonderfully idealized portrait. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (26mm, 17.17 gm, 7h). NGC Choice XF 4/5 - 5/5, Fine Style. Lifetime issue of Babylon, ca. 325-323 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY-BAΣIΛEΩΣ, Zeus enthroned left, left leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; monogram in the form of a trident head above strut, M below strut, caduceus left in exergue. Price 3629. Extremely rare specimen with only two other examples in sales archives. Handsome lifetime issue with silky, lustrous surfaces. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (26mm, 1h). NGC XF, Fine Style. Lifetime issue of Babylon, ca. 325-323 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY-BAΣIΛEΩΣ, Zeus enthroned left, left leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; bee above M in left field, monogram in the form of a trident head below strut. Price -, cf. 3619 (no BAΣIΛEΩΣ). Rare and unlisted tetradrachm with the inclusion of his title in the exergue. Boldly struck on a lovely cabinet toned flan. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm (25mm, 17.19 gm, 4h). NGC Choice VF 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Early posthumous issue of Babylon, ca. 323-317 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY-BAΣIΛEΩΣ, Zeus enthroned left, right leg drawn back, feet on ground line, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; M in left field, ΛY above strut. Price 3692. Graceful, refined portraits, with especially elegant drapery. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR drachm (17mm, 4.32 gm, 12h). NGC Choice AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Late lifetime-early posthumous issue of Sardes, ca. 323-319 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, right leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; race torch in left field, A below strut. Price 2637. Sharply stuck from fresh dies onto a brilliant flan with the slightest rosy hue visible across the surfaces. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR drachm (17mm, 4.26 gm, 12h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 5/5. Lifetime issue of Miletus, ca. 325-323 BC. Head of Heracles right, wearing lion skin headdress, paws tied before neck / AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, left leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in outstretched right hand, grounded scepter in left; HΔ monogram in left field. Price 2090. Well-centered example struck on a broad flan for the type. Incredibly toned example with radiating luster. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Demetrius I Poliorcetes (306-283 BC). AR tetradrachm (29mm, 17.08 gm, 4h). NGC AU S 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Amphipolis ca. 290-289/8 BC. Diademed head of Demetrius I right, with bull's horn, divergent diadem ends / BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΔHMHTPIOY, Poseidon standing left, nude, right foot on rock, with grounded trident in left hand, leaning with right arm rested on right thigh; complex monogram in outer left field, ΔO monogram in outer right field. Newell 124. HCG 3, 1014b. An absolutely breathtaking coin with dark, nacreous toning across the surfaces. The most dashing of Alexander's successors, Demetrius I Poliorcetes was the son of the great Macedonian general Antigonus Monopthalmus ("one-eyed"), who served both Philip II and Alexander III the Great. After Alexander's death, Demetrius led armies in support of his father's claim to supreme power. He won an important naval victory in 306 BC at Salamis against the Ptolemaic fleet. He, along with his father, accepted the title Basileos ("king"), ending the fiction that the Diadochi were ruling a united government. In 305 BC, Demetrius subjected Rhodes to a monumental siege, employing the largest and most elaborate artillery engines and battle towers yet constructed. Ultimately unsuccessful, the siege still won him the epithet Poliorcetes ("besieger"), by which he is still known. He had more success ruling Macedon during 301-288 BC, but his extravagance and capricious nature eventually proved his undoing and he spent his waning years in comfortable Seleucid captivity. Still, the dynasty he established endured in Macedon until 168 BC. This dynamic tetradrachm type was struck at several mints in honor of the great naval victory over Ptolemy at Salamis, with the obverse image of Nike matching closely with the famous marble statue of the winged goddess found at Samothrace and now housed in the Louvre. The reverse image of Poseidon is rendered here in wonderful style, an undeniable masterpiece of anatomical relief sculpture in miniature. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Perseus (179-168 BC). AR tetradrachm (30mm, 15.51 gm, 11h). NGC Choice XF 5/5 - 2/5, Fine Style, slight bend, scuff, edge marks. Reduced Attic standard, Pella or Amphipolis, 179-172 BC, Au-, mintmaster. Diademed head of Perseus right, with close beard / ΒΑΣΙ-ΛΕΩΣ / ΠΕP-ΣΕΩΣ, eagle with spread wings standing right on thunderbolt; MAP monogram above, AY (mintmaster) monogram in right field, AN monogram between legs; all within oak wreath, plow right below. Mamroth, Perseus 25. HGC 3, 1094. Handsomely toned and expertly struck from Fine Style dies. The last independent king of Macedon, Perseus inherited the throne from his father Philip V after the latter had his pro-Roman son Demetrius executed. Thus the tone was set from the outset of his reign for an eventual clash, which proved fatal to the Antigonid monarchy and Macedonian independence. Perseus skillfully rebuilt the Macedonian army and a network of marriage alliances during the first years of his reign, which the Romans watched with rising alarm. The Third Macedonian War broke out in 171 BC, and for a time Perseus employed guerrilla tactics which gave him the initiative and kept the Romans on their heels. Like his father, though, he chose to risk all in a single pitched battle at Pydna and lost badly to the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paullus. Perseus surrendered and was allowed to live out his life in comfortable captivity in Rome; the Macedonian Kingdom was divided into four theoretically autonomous Republics which were soon subsumed into direct Roman rule. The coinage of Perseus is one of the more attractive of the Hellenistic series. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MACEDON UNDER ROME. First Meris. Ca. 167-148 BC. AR tetradrachm (31mm, 16.90 gm, 8h). NGC Choice AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Ca. 158-150 BC. Bust of Artemis right, wearing stephane, bow and capped quiver over shoulder; all within circle of dots in tondo of Macedonian shield / MAKEΔONΩN / ΠPΩTHΣ, horizontal club, AP monogram above, all within oak wreath facing right, thunderbolt in outer left field. SNG Copenhagen 1310-1311. HGC 3.1, 1103. Beautiful portrait and accoutrements, with subtle charcoal and amber notes. Ex Leonidion Collection (Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XIX, 5 January 2016), lot 109; Classical Numismatic Group Inventory 860642 (December 2009); Lanz 147 (2 November 2009), lot 75. In the 2nd century BC, Rome's involvement in the Hellenistic world led to the conquest of Macedon. The defeat of King Philip V in 197 BC during the Second Macedonian War resulted in financial penalties and territorial loss for Macedon. In 168 BC, following the Roman victory at the Battle of Pydna, Macedon was officially incorporated as the Roman province of Macedonia, ending its independence. Roman rule brought significant administrative changes, including the appointment of proconsuls as governors and the introduction of Roman legal systems, taxation, language, and infrastructure, reshaping Macedon's governance and aligning it with Roman norms. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

THRACIAN KINGDOM. Lysimachus (305-281 BC). AR tetradrachm (31mm, 16.96 gm, 12h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Pergamum, ca. 297-281 BC. Diademed head of deified Alexander III right, with horn of Ammon; signed by the artist "K" below, dotted border / ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ, Athena enthroned left, Nike standing left in outstretched right hand, resting left arm on shield decorated with a lion-head boss, transverse spear beyond; cult statue standing facing in inner left field, crescent left in outer left field, EΠ monogram in exergue. Thompson 224. Müller -. High-relief obverse with exceptionally crisp and attractive reverse. Ex Heritage Auctions, Auction 3068 Hong Kong (6 December 2108), lot 30011 The K-signed dies of the Pergamum Lysimachus tetradrachms are regarded by many as possessing the finest of all numismatic portraits of Alexander the Great. According to H.A. Cahn ("Frühhellenistiche Münzkunst, Kleine Schriften zur Münzkunde und Archäologie", Basel 1975, p. 121-126), this engraver may have been the same who designed, for the same mint, the dies of the famous portrait of Seleucus I on the silver tetradrachms of Philetaerus. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

THESSALY. Larissa. Ca. 450-400 BC. AR drachm (19mm, 6.99 gm, 12h). NGC XF 5/5 - 2/5, Fine Style, marks. Thessalus standing left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, petasus attached to cord and flying behind with chlamys, holding band in both hands around the forehead of bull leaping left; beaded border/ ΛAPI / ΣAIA, bridled horse galloping right, all within incuse square. BCD Thessaly II 174. HGC 4, 420. Fabulous radiating luster paired with incredible Fine Styled dies. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

THESSALY. Larissa. Ca. 4th century BC. AR drachm (19mm, 6.09 gm, 2h). NGC XF 5/5 - 3/5, Fine Style, scratch. Head of nymph Larissa facing, turned slightly left, wearing ampyx, pendant earring, and plain necklace, hair in sphendone / ΛAPIΣ/AIΩN, horse kneeling right, preparing to roll. An exceptionally elegant piece with charcoal recesses accentuating the clear strike and Fine Style design. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

LOCRIS. Locris Opuntia. Ca. 380-300 BC. AR triobol or hemidrachm (16mm, 2.76 gm, 11h). NGC Choice S VF 5/5 - 4/5. Head of Persephone right, wreathed with grain, wearing pendant earring and necklace / OΠONTIΩN, Ajax, nude, advancing right, short sword in right hand, shield in left; cantharus between legs on ground. HGC 4, 996. SNG Copenhagen 50. Subtle cabinet toning with clear details. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

EUBOEA. Euboean League. Ca. 304-290 BC. AR drachm (16mm, 4.66 gm, 12h). NGC Choice VF S 5/5 - 5/5, Fine Style. Head of the nymph Euboea left, hair rolled, wearing triple-pendant earring / EY, filleted head of bull right; bunch of grapes to right. HGC 4, 1421. Gorgeous idealized portrait and adorned bull on a toned flan with wonderful blue undertones. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (25mm, 17.22 gm, 10h). NGC MS S 5/5 - 4/5. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. Highly lustrous and visually attractive example with its innate gleam and delicate toning. Considered one of the most famous coins of all time, Athenian owl tetradrachms, like this coin, were minted at the peak of Athenian strength and wealth. During this time, Athens was a member of the Delian League. And being the strongest city-state within that league, they exerted their will to persuade the other members to move the league treasury from Delos to Athens' to be stored in the Acropolis. While in control of minting coins for the league, Athenians standardized their coinage's purity, weight, and iconography; this allowed for ease of payment for goods and services across a large area of ancient Greece. We know about this standardization and its reach because it was immortalized in fragments from carved tablets found in various league cities. The imagery of these tetradrachms paid homage to the goddess of the city's namesake, with a lovely portrait of the warrior goddess on the obverse, wearing both a military helmet and bold jewelry. The reverse of the coin carries further attributes of Athena, with the image of a delightful owl, signifying her wisdom, and an olive branch, the gift she offered the Athenians. After the mint was moved, there was an influx of wealth brought into Athens, allowing them to build several famous structures upon the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, Temple of Nike, Erechtheion, and other structures that have become lost to time. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (27mm, 17.18 gm, 12h). NGC MS S 5/5 - 4/5. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. Designs are struck in mesmerizing detail, and brought further to life by a deep patina emanating hints of flame. Ex Classical Numismatic Group, Triton XXII (8 January 2019), lot 217. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (23mm, 17.20 gm, 4h). NGC MS 5/5 - 4/5, Full Crest. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. This well-struck example features the coveted Full Crest of Athena's helmet and a delightful owl on the reverse. Considered one of the most famous coins of all time, Athenian owl tetradrachms, like this coin, were minted at the peak of Athenian strength and wealth. During this time, Athens was a member of the Delian League. And being the strongest city-state within that league, they exerted their will to persuade the other members to move the league treasury from Delos to Athens' to be stored in the Acropolis. While in control of minting coins for the league, Athenians standardized their coinage's purity, weight, and iconography; this allowed for ease of payment for goods and services across a large area of ancient Greece. We know about this standardization and its reach because it was immortalized in fragments from carved tablets found in various league cities. The imagery of these tetradrachms paid homage to the goddess of the city's namesake, with a lovely portrait of the warrior goddess on the obverse, wearing both a military helmet and bold jewelry. The reverse of the coin carries further attributes of Athena, with the image of a delightful owl, signifying her wisdom, and an olive branch, the gift she offered the Athenians. After the mint was moved, there was an influx of wealth brought into Athens, allowing them to build several famous structures upon the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, Temple of Nike, Erechtheion, and other structures that have become lost to time. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (24mm, 17.19 gm, 1h). NGC Choice AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. A wonderful example with almost a full crest visible on the flan and shimmering lustrous surfaces. Considered one of the most famous coins of all time, Athenian owl tetradrachms, like this coin, were minted at the peak of Athenian strength and wealth. During this time, Athens was a member of the Delian League. And being the strongest city-state within that league, they exerted their will to persuade the other members to move the league treasury from Delos to Athens' to be stored in the Acropolis. While in control of minting coins for the league, Athenians standardized their coinage's purity, weight, and iconography; this allowed for ease of payment for goods and services across a large area of ancient Greece. We know about this standardization and its reach because it was immortalized in fragments from carved tablets found in various league cities. The imagery of these tetradrachms paid homage to the goddess of the city's namesake, with a lovely portrait of the warrior goddess on the obverse, wearing both a military helmet and bold jewelry. The reverse of the coin carries further attributes of Athena, with the image of a delightful owl, signifying her wisdom, and an olive branch, the gift she offered the Athenians. After the mint was moved, there was an influx of wealth brought into Athens, allowing them to build several famous structures upon the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, Temple of Nike, Erechtheion, and other structures that have become lost to time. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (25mm, 17.21 gm, 7h). NGC Choice AU 5/5 - 5/5, Full Crest. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. The esteemed full portrait of the goddess boasts crisp details and rippling flow lines. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

ATTICA. Athens. Ca. 440-404 BC. AR tetradrachm (25mm, 17.17 gm, 7h). NGC AU 5/5 - 4/5, Full Crest. Mid-mass coinage issue. Head of Athena right, wearing earring, necklace, and crested Attic helmet ornamented with three laurel leaves and vine scroll / AΘE, owl standing right, head facing; olive sprig with two leaves and one berry, and crescent moon behind, all within incuse square. Kroll 8. SNG Copenhagen 31-40. HGC 4, 1597. Outstanding example featuring the highly sought-after Full Crest Athenian tetradrachm, masterfully struck on a lustrous flan. Considered one of the most famous coins of all time, Athenian owl tetradrachms, like this coin, were minted at the peak of Athenian strength and wealth. During this time, Athens was a member of the Delian League. And being the strongest city-state within that league, they exerted their will to persuade the other members to move the league treasury from Delos to Athens' to be stored in the Acropolis. While in control of minting coins for the league, Athenians standardized their coinage's purity, weight, and iconography; this allowed for ease of payment for goods and services across a large area of ancient Greece. We know about this standardization and its reach because it was immortalized in fragments from carved tablets found in various league cities. The imagery of these tetradrachms paid homage to the goddess of the city's namesake, with a lovely portrait of the warrior goddess on the obverse, wearing both a military helmet and bold jewelry. The reverse of the coin carries further attributes of Athena, with the image of a delightful owl, signifying her wisdom, and an olive branch, the gift she offered the Athenians. After the mint was moved, there was an influx of wealth brought into Athens, allowing them to build several famous structures upon the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, Temple of Nike, Erechtheion, and other structures that have become lost to time. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS. Panticapaeum. Ca. 4th Century BC. AE (21mm, 6.16 gm, 11h). NGC AU 5/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Head of bearded Pan right / Π-A-N, forepart of griffin left, sturgeon left below. MacDonald 69. Anokhin 1023. SNG BM (Black Sea) 869-871. A deep chestnut patina with lighter hues along the central high-points. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS. Panticapaeum. Ca. 4th Century BC. AE (21mm, 12h). NGC Choice XF S. Head of bearded Pan right / Π-A-N, forepart of griffin left, sturgeon left below. MacDonald 69. Anokhin 1023. SNG BM (Black Sea) 869-871. Fascinating ultramarine toning outlines the devices. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

CIMMERIAN BOSPORUS. Panticapaeum. Ca. 4th century BC. AE (21mm, 7.93 gm, 12h). NGC Choice XF 3/5 - 4/5, Fine Style. Head of bearded Pan right / Π-A-N, forepart of griffin left, sturgeon left below. MacDonald 69. Anokhin 1023. SNG BM (Black Sea) 869-871. Lovely mottled patina enhances the visual interest of the coin. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

PONTUS. Amisus. Ca. 85-65 BC. AE (32mm, 18.13 gm, 1h). NGC Choice XF S 4/5 - 5/5, adjusted flan. Head of Athena right, wearing triple-crested Attic helmet decorated with a vine scroll, Pegasus above upturned cheek flap, protomes of four horses above visor / AMI-ΣOY, Perseus standing facing, with harpa in right hand, head of Medusa in left; decapitated corpse beyond, AMTE monogram in left field, ΣΩ monogram in right. HGC 7, 238 (ca. 105-90 BC or ca. 90-85 BC). Fascinating, attractive, and gruesome depiction of the Perseus and Medusa myth. Ex North River Collection (Classical Numismatic Group, Electronic Auction 525, 19 October 2022), lot 217 (purchased from Warden Numismatics). HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

MYSIA. Pergamum. Roman Rule (ca. 133-67 BC). AR cistophorus (26mm, 12.57 gm, 12h). NGC Choice AU S 5/5 - 5/5. Serpent arising from cista mystica; all within ivy wreath / Bow in bow case decorated with aphlaston, flanked by two serpents; AΠ above ΠPYT (prytaneis) monogram within wreath and star above, ΠEPΓ monogram to left, thyrsus to right. SNG France 5, 1728. Sharply defined devices, encircled by a ring of sea-green within burgundy tinted fields. Pergamum had a distinct monetary system marked by the minting of cistophori, a large silver coin native to the region. The coin was introduced in Pergamum prior to Roman rule but continued to be minted throughout, with portraits of Roman emperors appearing on later issues. The cistophorus, literally translating to "cista-bearer," was named after the cista, or box, often appearing in the coin's design. This notable coin typically bore the emblem of a snake emerging from a cista mystica (a sacred basket), a nod to the local religious ritual associated with the Dionysian Mysteries. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.

AEOLIS. Myrina. Ca. mid-2nd century BC. AR tetradrachm (33mm, 16.56 gm, 12h). NGC AU 4/5 - 3/5, Fine Style, brushed. Laureate head of Apollo right / MYPINAIΩN, Apollo Grynios standing right, filleted laurel branch in left hand, phiale in right; omphalus and amphora before, ΔYNO monogram behind, all in laurel border. SNG Copenhagen 221-223 var. (monograms). Matte surfaces with such delicately rendered details that the iris of the goddess is visible. Gryneion was an ancient city located in Aeolis, not far from Myrina. It was famous for its temple dedicated to Apollo Gryneios, the aspect of the God dedicated to the protection and care of temples and sanctuaries. This temple was an important religious center, and the worship of Apollo was a significant aspect of the region's religious life, as noted by Strabo and Pausanias. HID05401242017 © 2023 Heritage Auctions | All Rights Reserved.